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Robinhood
>Commission free and no minimum to open
When something is free, you're the product. RH sells your order flow to high frequency traders.
SIPC, no FDIC-insured.
http://www.robinhood.com
 Fidelity
>$4.95 commission per trade
One of the oldest and largest broker. FDIC/SIPC.
 Schwab
>$4.95 per trade
One of the oldest and largest broker. FDIC/SIPC
 Interactive Brokers
>Cheapest trading platform for active traders. $1 per trade but you need to spend 10$/month minimum. Lowest margin interest. Free API access. Not beginners friendly. FDIC/SIPC.
http://www.interactivebrokers.com
 TD Ameritade
>$6.95 commission per trade. No minimum to open. Fantastic data/charting through their free ThinkorSwim service.
FDIC/SIPC. Beginners friendly
http://www.tdameritrade.com
 E*trade
>$6.95 per trade.
FDIC/SIPC. Beginners friendly
https://us.etrade.com/home
 Tradestation
>5$ per trade. SIPC, No FDIC.
https://www.tradestation.com/
 TastyWorks
>Super cheap options commission. SIPC, no FDIC.
https://www.tastyworks.com
 Degiro (Cheap broker for Europeans)
>2nd cheapest platform for Europeans, they announced an increase of their commission fees. Very quick registration process. But beware if they go bankrupt you may lose your cash balance they are not insured like other brokers.
http://www.degiro.eu