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# PURPOSE:   This program converts an input text file to an output text file with the base64 encoding.
#
# PROCESSING: 1) Open the input file
#             2) Open the output file
#             4) While we're not at the end of the input file
#               a) read part of the file into our piece of memory
#               b) go through each byte of memory
#                  convert to base64
#               c) write the piece of memory to the output file
 .section .data  #Data storage
     base64:         #Lookup table
        .ascii "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/\0"
  #######CONSTANTS########
 	# System call numbers
	.equ SYS_OPEN, 2
	.equ SYS_READ, 0
	.equ SYS_WRITE, 1
	.equ SYS_CLOSE, 3
	.equ SYS_EXIT, 60
 	# Options for open   (look at /usr/include/asm/fcntl.h for
	#                    various values.  You can combine them
	#                    by adding them)
	.equ O_RDONLY, 0                  # Open file options - read-only
	.equ O_CREAT_WRONLY_TRUNC, 03101  # Open file options - these options are:
	                                  # CREAT - create file if it doesn't exist
	                                  # WRONLY - we will only write to this file
	                                  # TRUNC - destroy current file contents, if any exist
 	.equ O_PERMS, 0666                # Read & Write permissions for everyone
 	# End-of-file result status
	.equ END_OF_FILE, 0  # This is the return value of read() which
	                     # means we've hit the end of the file
 #######BUFFERS#########
 .section .bss
	# This is where the data is loaded into from
	# the data file and written from into the output file.
	# It should never exceed 16,000 for various reasons.
	.equ BUFFER_SIZE_INPUT, 600
	.lcomm BUFFER_DATA_INPUT, BUFFER_SIZE_INPUT
 	.equ BUFFER_SIZE_OUTPUT, 1000
	.lcomm BUFFER_DATA_OUTPUT, BUFFER_SIZE_OUTPUT
  #######PROGRAM CODE###
 	.section .text
 	# STACK POSITIONS
	.equ ST_SIZE_RESERVE, 16        # Space for local variables
                                    # Note: Offsets are RBP-based, which is set immediately at program start
	.equ ST_FD_IN, -16              # Local variable for input file descriptor
	.equ ST_FD_OUT, -8              # Local variable for output file descriptor
	.equ ST_ARGC, 0                 # Number of arguments
	.equ ST_ARGV_0, 8               # Name of program
	.equ ST_ARGV_1, 16              # Input file name
	.equ ST_ARGV_2, 24              # Output file name
 	.globl _start
_start:
	###INITIALIZE PROGRAM###
	movq %rsp, %rbp
	subq $ST_SIZE_RESERVE, %rsp      # Allocate space for our file descriptors on the stack
	###CHECK PARAMETER COUNT###
	cmpq $3, ST_ARGC(%rbp)
	je open_files
	movq $-1, %rdi                   # Our return value for parameter problems
	movq $SYS_EXIT, %rax
	syscall
 open_files:
open_fd_in:
	###OPEN INPUT FILE###
	movq ST_ARGV_1(%rbp), %rdi  # Input filename into %rdi
	movq $O_RDONLY, %rsi        # Read-only flag
	movq $O_PERMS, %rdx         # This doesn't really matter for reading
	movq $SYS_OPEN, %rax        # Specify "open"
	syscall 	                # Call Linux
	cmpq $0, %rax               # Check success
	jl exit                     # In case of error simply terminate
 store_fd_in:
	movq  %rax, ST_FD_IN(%rbp)  # Save the returned file descriptor
 open_fd_out:
	###OPEN OUTPUT FILE###
	movq ST_ARGV_2(%rbp), %rdi        # Output filename into %rdi
	movq $O_CREAT_WRONLY_TRUNC, %rsi  # Flags for writing to the file
	movq $O_PERMS, %rdx               # Permission set for new file (if it's created)
	movq $SYS_OPEN, %rax              # Open the file
	syscall                           # Call Linux
	cmpq $0, %rax                     # Check success
	jl close_input                    # In case of error close input file (already open!)
 store_fd_out:
	movq %rax, ST_FD_OUT(%rbp)        # Store the file descriptor
 	###BEGIN MAIN LOOP###
read_loop_begin:
 	###READ IN A BLOCK FROM THE INPUT FILE###
	movq ST_FD_IN(%rbp), %rdi           # Get the input file descriptor
	movq $BUFFER_DATA_INPUT, %rsi       # The location to read into
	movq $BUFFER_SIZE_INPUT, %rdx       # The size of the buffer
	movq $SYS_READ, %rax
	syscall                             # Size of buffer read is returned in %eax
 	###EXIT IF WE'VE REACHED THE END###
	cmpq $END_OF_FILE, %rax       # Check for end of file marker
	jle end_loop                  # If found (or error), go to the end
    movq $0, %rcx                 # Registry for counting data
  continue_read_loop:
	###CONVERT TO BASE64###
	addq $3, %rcx                 #adds 3 to rcx to check data bounds
    cmpq %rcx, %rax               #compares counter to actual data to check bounds
    jge end_loop                  #jumps to end if counter exceeds data
    subq $3, %rcx                 #subtracts rcx to keep counter accurate
 	movq $BUFFER_DATA_INPUT, %rdx # moves input data address to rdx
	#move byte 1
    movb 0(%rdx,%rcx,1), %dil     # moves actual data to dil
	incq %rcx                     # increment pointer
	shlq $8, %rdi                 # moves rdi by one pos so data doesn't get overwritten
	#move byte 2
    movb 0(%rdx,%rcx,1), %dil     # moves actual data to dil
    incq %rcx                     # increment pointer
	shlq $8, %rdi                 # moves rdi by one pos so data doesn't get overwritten
    #move byte 3
    movb 0(%rdx,%rcx,1), %dil     # moves actual data to dil
    incq %rcx                     # increment pointer
  	pushq $-1                     # Dummy value for stack alignment
	pushq %rax                    # Store number of bytes read for write check
	call convert_to_upper	      # Note: RAX may (will) be destroyed (caller-safe!),
	                              # but will be returned identically as return value
	###WRITE THE BLOCK OUT TO THE OUTPUT FILE###
	movq ST_FD_OUT(%rbp), %rdi    # File to use
	movq $BUFFER_DATA_OUTPUT, %rsi       # Location of  buffer
	movq %rax, %rdx               # Size of buffer (=number of bytes actually read/converted)
	movq $SYS_WRITE, %rax
	syscall
 	###CHECK WRITE SUCCESS###
	popq %rbx                     # Retrieve number of bytes read
	addq $8, %rsp                 # Remove stack alignment space
	cmpq %rax, %rbx               # Compare number read to written
	jne end_loop                  # If not the same, terminate program
	###CONTINUE THE LOOP###
	jmp read_loop_begin
 end_loop:
	###CLOSE THE FILES###
	# NOTE - we don't need to do error checking on these, because
	#        error conditions don't signify anything special here
	#        and there is nothing for us to do anyway
	movq ST_FD_OUT(%rbp), %rdi
	movq $SYS_CLOSE, %rax
	syscall
close_input:
	movq ST_FD_IN(%rbp), %rdi
	movq $SYS_CLOSE, %rax
	syscall
 exit:
	###EXIT###
	movq $0, %rdi          # Standard return value for all cases
	movq $SYS_EXIT, %rax
	syscall
 #####FUNCTION convert_to_upper
#
#PURPOSE:   This function actually does the conversion to upper case for a block
#
#INPUT:     The first parameter (rdi) is the location of the block of memory to convert
#           The second parameter (rsi) is the length of that buffer
#
#OUTPUT:    This function overwrites the current buffer with the upper-casified
#           version.
#           Return value: The number of bytes converted (=content of RBX), as
#                         nothing in here can happen to stop/interrupt this.
#
#VARIABLES:
#           %rax  - beginning of buffer
#           %rbx  - length of buffer (old value must be saved!)
#           %rdi  - current buffer offset
#           %r10b - current byte being examined (%r10b is the first byte of %r10)
# Note: This variable assignment is for exemplary purposes only and very suboptimal!
#
 	###CONSTANTS##
	.equ  LOWERCASE_A, 'a'              # The lower boundary of our search
	.equ  LOWERCASE_Z, 'z'              # The upper boundary of our search
	.equ  UPPER_CONVERSION, 'A' - 'a'   # Conversion between upper and lower case
 convert_to_upper:
	pushq %rbp                          # Prepare stack
	movq  %rsp, %rbp
	pushq %rbx                          # Save RBX
 	###SET UP VARIABLES###
	movq %rdi, %rax
	movq %rsi, %rbx
	movq $0, %rdi
 	# If a buffer with zero length was given us, just leave
	cmpq $0, %rbx
	je end_convert_loop
 convert_loop:
	# Get the current byte
	movb (%rax,%rdi,1), %r10b
 	# Go to the next byte unless it is between 'a' and 'z'
	cmpb $LOWERCASE_A, %r10b
	jl next_byte
	cmpb $LOWERCASE_Z, %r10b
	jg next_byte
 	# Otherwise convert the byte to uppercase
	addb $UPPER_CONVERSION, %r10b
	# And store it back
	movb %r10b, (%rax,%rdi,1)
next_byte:
	incq %rdi              # Next byte
	cmpq %rdi, %rbx        # Continue unless we've reached the end
	jne convert_loop
 end_convert_loop:
	movq %rdi, %rax        # Store number of chars converted into RAX as return value
	popq %rbx
	movq %rbp, %rsp
	popq %rbp
	ret