template<typename T> class CStack {
public:
	static enum {CStack_StackEmpty, CStack_BadMemory};

	unsigned int size()
	{
		return StackSize;
	}

	bool empty()
	{
		return StackSize == 0;
	}

	T pop()
	{
		if(StackIter == 0) throw (int)CStack_StackEmpty;

		return _Stack[--StackIter];
	}

	void push(T j)
	{
		if(StackSize >= StackIter && _Stack != 0)
		{
			T* _newstack = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * (StackSize + 1));

			if(_newstack == NULL)
			{
				free(_newstack);
				this->~CStack();
				throw (int)CStack_BadMemory;
			}

			for(int i=0;i<StackSize;i++)
				_newstack[i] = _Stack[i];
			
			free(_Stack);

			_Stack = _newstack;
		} 
		else if (_Stack == 0)
		{
			_Stack = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * (StackSize == 0 ? 1 : StackSize));
			if(_Stack == 0)
			{
				this->~CStack();
				throw (int)CStack_BadMemory;
			}
		}

		_Stack[StackSize++] = j;

		StackIter = StackSize;

	}

	void clear()
	{
		StackIter = 0;
	}

	void allclear() // useless
	{
		free(_Stack);
		StackIter = StackSize = 0;
	}

	CStack()
	{
		StackIter = StackSize = 0;
		_Stack = NULL;
	}

	~CStack()
	{
		free(_Stack);
		StackIter = StackSize = 0;
	}

private:
	unsigned int StackSize, StackIter;
	T* _Stack;
};