/**************************************************************************************************
 *  Program Name:     Programming Project 5.7: Bookshelf
 *  Class Name:       pp5_7.Book
 *  Author:           Terry Weiss
 *  Date Written:     October 15, 2015
 *  Program Description:
 *     This class contains instance data for a book that will be used in `Bookshelf`. It contains
 *  instance data for the title, author, genre, and number of pages.
 **************************************************************************************************/
package pp5_7;

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;

/**
 *
 * @author Terry
 */
public class Book implements Comparable<Book> {
    private static final String DEFAULT_AUTHOR = "Unknown";
    private static final String DEFAULT_GENRE = "General";

    private static int untitledBooks = 0; // Total count of all untitled books to uniquely name them
    private String title;
    private String author;
    private String genre;
    private int pages;



    Book( String title, int pages, String author, String genre ) {
        setTitle(title);
        setPages(pages);
        setAuthor(author);
        setGenre(genre);
    }

    Book( String title, int pages, String author ) {
        setTitle(title);
        setPages(pages);
        setAuthor(author);
        setGenre(DEFAULT_GENRE);
    }

    Book( String title, int pages ) {
        setTitle(title);
        setPages(pages);
        setAuthor(DEFAULT_AUTHOR);
        setGenre(DEFAULT_GENRE);
    }


    private String setTitle( String title ) {
        if (title.length() == 0) {
            untitledBooks++;
            title = "Untitled #" + untitledBooks;
        }
        else {
            title = titleCase(title);
        }

        return (this.title = title);
    }

    private int setPages( int pages ) {
        if (pages < 1) {
            pages = 1;
        }

        return (this.pages = pages);
    }

    private String setAuthor( String author ) {
        String fullName = "";
        String[] names = author.split(" ");

        for (int currentName = 0; currentName < names.length - 1; currentName++) {
            fullName += capitalize(names[currentName]) + " ";
        }

        fullName += capitalize(names[names.length - 1]);

        return (this.author = fullName);
    }

    private String setGenre( String genre ) {
        if (genre.length() == 0) {
            genre = DEFAULT_GENRE;
        }
        else {
            genre = capitalize(genre);
        }

        return (this.genre = genre);
    }


    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public int getPages() {
        return pages;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public String getGenre() {
        return genre;
    }


    public String displayDetails() {
        String details = "Title: " + title + "\n"
                       + "Author: " + author + "\n"
                       + "Genre: " + genre + "\n"
                       + "Pages: " + pages + "\n";

        return details;
    }



    private String titleCase( String str ) {
        String[] words = str.split(" ");
        String ret;
        int currentWord;

        // Always capitalize first and last words, with other words capitalized as needed
        ret = capitalize(words[0]) + " ";

        for (currentWord = 1; currentWord < (words.length - 1); currentWord++) {
            String word = words[currentWord];

            if (isTitleWord(word)) {
                ret += capitalize(word) + " ";
            }
            else {
                ret += word.toLowerCase() + " ";
            }
        }

        if (words.length > 1) {
            ret += capitalize(words[currentWord]);
        }

        return ret;
    }

    private String capitalize( String word ) {
        return word.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + word.substring(1).toLowerCase();
    }

    private boolean isTitleWord( String word ) {
        boolean isCapitalized;
        word = word.toLowerCase();

        // All articles coordinate conjuctions and prepositions are lower case,
        // per Chicago Manual of Style
        switch (word) {
            // Articles:
            case "a":       case "an":      case "the":
            // Coordinate conjunctions:
            case "and":     case "but":     case "for":     case "nor":     case "or":
            case "so":      case "yet":
            // Most common single-word English prepositions:
            case "at":      case "about":   case "above":   case "across":  case "ago":
            case "before":  case "beside":  case "by":      case "in":      case "into":
            case "on":      case "onto":    case "over":    case "past":    case "since":
            case "til":     case "through": case "to":      case "towards": case "until":
                isCapitalized = false;
                break;

            default:
                isCapitalized = true;
        }

        return isCapitalized;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return getTitle();
    }

    /**
     *  Allows Book objects to be sorted by their size with `this.pages`
     *
     *  @param book2 The second Book object being compared against
     *  @return The number of pages more than the book being compared against
     */
    @Override
    public int compareTo( Book book2 ) {
        return this.getPages() - book2.getPages();
    }

    /**
     *  Compares books by their titles in ascending order.
     */
    public static Comparator<Book> sortByTitle = (Book book1, Book book2) -> {
        String bookTitle1 = book1.getTitle();
        String bookTitle2 = book2.getTitle();

        return bookTitle1.compareTo(bookTitle2);
    };

    /**
     *  Compares books by their authors in ascending order.
     */
    public static Comparator<Book> sortByAuthor = (Book book1, Book book2) -> {
        String bookAuthor1 = book1.getAuthor();
        String bookAuthor2 = book2.getAuthor();

        return bookAuthor1.compareTo(bookAuthor2);
    };



    /*
     *  Main method is used for debugging and testing purposes on `Book` class
     */
    public static void main( String args[] ) {
        Scanner user_input = new Scanner(System.in);
        ArrayList<Book> bookList = new ArrayList(6);
        Book book1, book2, book3, book4, book5, book6;
        String title, author, genre;
        int pages;

        bookList.add(book1 = new Book("peteR pAn", 42, "marTIn", "fIcTIoN"));
        bookList.add(book2 = new Book("", 234));
        bookList.add(book3 = new Book("the wiTCH IS deAD", 50, "bILLy tHOmaS"));
        bookList.add(book4 = new Book("", 23));
        bookList.add(book5 = new Book("gross ON OuT", 80));
        bookList.add(book6 = new Book("", 89));

        System.out.println("Before sorting:");
        for (Book currentBook : bookList) {
            System.out.println(currentBook);
        }

        Collections.sort(bookList, Book.sortByTitle);

        System.out.println("\nAfter sorting by title:");
        for (Book currentBook : bookList) {
            System.out.printf("%-19s %s\n", currentBook, currentBook.getTitle());
        }

        Collections.sort(bookList, Book.sortByAuthor);

        System.out.println("\nAfter sorting by author:");
        for (Book currentBook : bookList) {
            System.out.printf("%-19s %s\n", currentBook, currentBook.getAuthor());
        }

        Collections.sort(bookList);

        System.out.println("\nAfter sorting by size:");
        for (Book currentBook : bookList) {
            System.out.printf("%-19s %d\n", currentBook, currentBook.getPages());
        }
    }
}

/**OUTPUT OF MAIN*************************************************************************************
Before sorting:
Peter Pan
Untitled #1
The Witch Is Dead
Untitled #2
Gross on Out
Untitled #3

After sorting by title:
Gross on Out        Gross on Out
Peter Pan           Peter Pan
The Witch Is Dead   The Witch Is Dead
Untitled #1         Untitled #1
Untitled #2         Untitled #2
Untitled #3         Untitled #3

After sorting by author:
The Witch Is Dead   Billy Thomas
Peter Pan           Martin
Gross on Out        Unknown
Untitled #1         Unknown
Untitled #2         Unknown
Untitled #3         Unknown

After sorting by size:
Untitled #2         23
Peter Pan           42
The Witch Is Dead   50
Gross on Out        80
Untitled #3         89
Untitled #1         234
***********************************************************************************************/